ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN COAL MINING DEVELOPMENT IN ACEH, INDONESIA

Environmental issues in coal mining development have become one of the vital issues that have been discussed continuously at the global level due to its enormous impact yet on the other hand, although with its poor image in society, yet still proved to be vital for the economy. Indonesia with its vast number of coal resources and natural resources exploitation and mining operational activities are expected to bring economic impacts both in terms of infrastructure, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), employment, etc., which is in line with the concept of business ethics and the essence of rights and duties in society. Yet, many problems that are supposed to be solved with such potentials are not effectively reduced or diminished. Furthermore, Aceh is one of the unique provinces in Indonesia with its special autonomy status, where energy needs and economic growth in the provinces, countries, regions and the world are increasing and continue to need supplies from fossil fuels, especially coal which has large reserves and reasonable costs. The study was conducted on one of the coal mining companies from the exploration phase up to mining and post mining activities using the Action Plan methodology to see developments related to environmental issues and climate change that are very loudly echoed in recent years. All of the changes that occur are observed on a micro and macro scale as well as with private and government perspectives, along with additional information from NGO and local communities. The continuous planning, action, evaluation and adjustment cycle is expected to be an example as well as the formation of best practices that are suitable to the situation in Indonesia, especially in Aceh province with its unique characteristics to maximize the benefits and minimize the negative impacts generated by the mining industry. The research was conducted based on interviews with senior level management, heads of divisions in government, as well as senior officials from related organizations, including the addition of graphs, charts and tables as a complement of information and comparison. Selected and studied hypothesis are related to the awareness of Dutch disease; significant roles in the status of the special autonomy region; effectiveness of mining cooperative system; Green Aceh Policy; collaboration between mining company and local government on solving the problem of corruption, collusion, and nepotism; application of gasification and liquefaction processes; combination of open pit and underground coal mining with mineral mining; forestry products, plantation, poultry, and fishery in the coal mining concession area; possibility to implement the Fly-in Fly-out system as well as the establishment of sovereign wealth fund. The results and conclusions produced are where coal is still a vital resource both for today and also in the future. However, there are paradigm changes and technological developments that improve the efficiency and the effectiveness of coal-fired power plants including to meet energy needs in the process of shifting from fossil fuels to renewables that are strongly becoming a priority in the future. Moreover, government regulation states that companies are required to develop community development and empowerment programs in the vicinity of the mining area which must first be consulted with the local government and communities, where they can propose a program. Hence, collaboration with the local community can be utilized for village development and construction of mining company�s needs, along with the potential to produce additional profits for both parties, which could serve as solutions to illegal logging and mining as well as land burning and conflicts, through the system of cooperation and profit sharing. Additional programs on health, education and infrastructure, including recreational areas that are based on surveys and research produce appropriate results according to the root of the problem and actual needs, which the community may not have previously realized.

1.  UEU-Master-28253-COVER, BAB1.pdf - 2465 KB

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